Application of analysis of causes of national death for action in quality analysis of cause of death surveillance in Hainan Province in 2020 / 中国热带医学

@#Abstract: Objective　To further investigate the underreporting of mortality surveillance data among permanent residents in Hainan Province in 2020, and to explore the application of Application of the Analysis of National Causes of Death for Action (ANACONDA) in the quality analysis of mortality surveillance. Methods　The data were collected from the Death Information Monitoring and Management System of Hainan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, and mainly included 33 418 deaths reported from 19 cities and counties in Hainan Province from January 1, 2020 to December 31, 2020. All the data were analyzed by the application of ANACONDA, and the causes of death were classified by the International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (ICD-10). Results　A total of 33 418 deaths were reported in Hainan Province in 2020, with a crude mortality rate of 3.6‰. The proportion of deaths in males under 85 years old was higher than that in females, while the proportion of deaths in 85 years old and above was opposite. The quality analysis of cause of death surveillance showed that there was under-reporting of death surveillance in Hainan Province in 2020, with an under-reporting rate of 30.1%. There were differences in the age composition and GBD regional composition ratio of deaths of the three major categories of diseases, and the misreporting of causes of death in the middle and high age groups was more significant. The Vital Statistics Performance Index (VSPI) score of death data in Hainan Province in 2020 was 52.8, the score of cause of death reporting quality was 85.5, and the score of specific cause of death level that could be used was 88.4. The completeness of death reports in the priority action areas for improving cause of death data quality accounted for the largest share, followed by the quality of cause of death reports. There was a difference in the proportion of specific causes of death between males and females after the survey, but the change in order was not obvious. Conclusions　The data integrity of cause-of-death surveillance is low in Hainan Province in 2020. It is suggested to improve the completeness of reporting data, strengthen the training of cause-of-death surveillance system, and regularly evaluate and supervise the system.

Under-reporting of mortality surveillance in Hainan, 2018-2020 / 中国热带医学

@#Objective　To understand the overall under-reporting of cause of death monitoring in Hainan Province, and to provide a scientific basis for evaluating the data from death registration report and health planning in Hainan. Methods　Multi-stage cluster random sampling was used, all towns/streets in cities and counties of the province were ranked from highest to lowest in terms of crude death rate, divided into high, medium and low levels (the number of each level was basically the same), and one was randomly selected from each level. A total of three towns/streets were used as survey areas, and all households in the area were survey households. Death information of resident population during 2018-2020 was collected and compared with routine surveillance data for the same period. The under-reporting rate was calculated, and comparison between groups was performed by chi-square. Results　A total of 12 583 death cases were investigated from 2018 to 2020, and the average mortality was 621.48/105. 4 809 cases were missed with the total under-reporting rate of 38.22%. The under-reporting rate from 2018 to 2020 were 39.75%, 39.99% and 34.77% (χ2=30.404, P<0.01) respectively. The under-reporting rate in eastern and central and western areas were 30.33%, 30.10% and 60.15% (χ2=931.901, P<0.01) respectively. The negative rate were different in different years old group (χ2=14.834, P<0.05). Of the 4 809 under-reported cases, as many as 93.49% died at home, and the composition of deaths in hospitals was about 10 times higher in the center than in the east and west, and the proportion of those who died in hospital in central areas was about 10 times higher than in eastern and central areas. Conclusions　More than half of the cities and counties in Hainan Province have improved the completeness of cause of death surveillance data. The under-reporting rate in age group <5 years are still high, and regular under-reporting investigations are still needed to strengthen the reporting and management of death information.

Effect of screen time on sleep in preschool children in Haikou City / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To understand the impact of screen time on duration and quality of sleep, so as to provide scientific basis for the development of interventions.@*Methods@#A total of 3 584 preschool children in Haikou City were selected by stratified sampling method from March to June in 2022, and the Children s Sleep Habits Questionnaire (CSHQ) and self designed questionnaire were used.@*Results@#The average sleep duration of preschool children was (10.41±0.98)h/d, the rate of sleep deprivation was 28.71 %, and the report rate of sleep problems was 50.47%. The average sleep duration in general as well as on weekdays and weekends decreased by age ( F=21.00, 29.53, 3.26, P ＜0.05), and insufficient sleep duration rate significantly varied by age groups ( χ 2=29.85, P ＜ 0.01 ). The average screen time was (1.15±0.37)h/d, and the screen exposure rate was 55.39%. The total sleep problems ( 52.14 %), poor bedtime habits (43.02%), daytime sleepiness (67.10%), irregular sleep duration (53.05%), and abnormal sleep latency ( 24.99 %) were all higher than those in the non exposed group (48.41%, 39.59%, 63.29%, 48.91%, 19.57 %) ( χ 2= 4.94 , 4.31, 5.69 , 6.08, 14.85, P <0.05). Multiple linear regression analysis showed that age and weekend average screen time were negatively associated with sleep duration ( β =-0.01, -0.06), weekday and weekend average outdoor activity duration were positively correlated with sleep duration ( β =0.08, 0.08) ( P <0.05).@*Conclusion@#Screen exposure to preschool children s sleep time,sleep quality was closely related. Parents should cultivate good sleep habits of preschool children, and limit children s screen time to maximize outdoor activities, so as to ensure healthy development of children.

Dynamic changes and clinical significance of COVID-19 specific antibodies in rehabilitated patients / 中国热带医学

@#Abstract: Objective To investigate the dynamic changes and clinical significance of specific antibodies in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Methods A retrospective study was conducted to collect 141 adult COVID-19 survivors who were followed up in the Eighth Hospital affiliated to Guangzhou Medical University from February 6, 2020, to March 24, 2021. The patients were divided into severe group (severe and critical) and non-severe group (light and ordinary) according to the diagnosis at discharge. The antibody changes of the two groups were compared and analyzed at 1 week, 2 weeks, 1 month, 3 months, 6 months and 1 year after discharge. Results After discharge from hospital, the positive rate of IgG in the severe group was 95.00% after 1 week and 100.00% in the following year, in the positive rate of IgG in the non-severe group was 59.50% after 1 week, 90.08% in 6 months and 76.03% in one year. The level of serum IgG in the severe group was significantly higher than that in non-severe group (Z=-2.441, P=0.015). One-year follow-up: the serum IgG in the severe group was significantly higher than that in the non-severe group (Z=-3.410, P=0.001). The serum IgM level of the severe group after one year follow-up was lower than that of the six months follow-up, the difference was statistically significant (Z=-2.259, P=0.024). The serum IgG and IgM level of the non-severe group after one year follow-up was lower than that of the six months follow-up, the difference was statistically significant (Z=-7.37, P<0.01; Z=3.850, P<0.01). Conclusion The level of serum protective antibody in COVID-19 patients remained high within 6 months after discharge, and remained stable within 1 year after discharge. The antibody titers in the severe group were significantly higher than those in the non-severe group and lasted for at least one year. COVID-19 survivors receive 1 year of natural immune protection, and patients with critical conditions receive immunity for longer periods of time.

Intervention effect of job rotation on wrist work-related musculoskeletal disorders of physical therapists / 中国职业医学

@#Objective - （ ） To evaluate the effect of job rotation on pain in wrist work related musculoskeletal disorders WMSDs （ ）Methods of physical therapists PTs . A total of 100 PTs from nine medical institutions were selected as the research subjects ， using judgment sampling method and they were divided into control group and intervention group by stratified random sampling ， method with 50 person in each group. The individuals in control group perform routine works. People in the intervention group were rotated between posts or added mobile shift replacements in daily work for 30 minutes. The duration of intervention was ， ， （ ） once a day five days a week for ten weeks. Visual Analogue Scale VAS score and pain duration were used as the evaluation ， indexes of intervention effect. The changes of indexes before intervention five weeks and ten weeks after intervention were Results ， compared between the two groups. Before intervention there was no significant difference in the VAS score and pain （ P ） duration between the control group and the intervention group all >0.05 . There was no significant difference in VAS score （ P ） and pain duration among the control group at three time points after intervention all >0.05 . The VAS score of PTs in the （P ）， intervention group at ten weeks was lower than that in the control group at the same time point <0.05 and it was lower than （ P ） that before intervention and at five weeks of intervention in the same group all <0.05 . The pain duration of PTs in the （ P ）， intervention group was lower than that in the control group at five and ten weeks after intervention all <0.05 and was lower （ P ） Conclusion ， than that before intervention at the same group all <0.05 . Rotating schedule can relieve WMSDs of PTs and the effect of intervention for ten weeks is more effective than that of intervention for five weeks.

Analysis of the monitoring results of death causes of permanent residents in Hainan, 2014-2020 / 中国热带医学

@#Abstract: Objective　To understand the general situation of death causes of permanent residents in Hainan Province from 2014 to 2020, analyze the causes of death, and provide scientific basis for the formulation of policies related to healthy Hainan. Methods The Hainan Provincial Population Death Information Registration and Management System was used to report data, and the death information of permanent residents in Hainan Province from 2014 to 2020 was obtained. Excel 2010 and SPSS 26.0 software were applied to perform statistical analysis related to the indicators including crude mortality rate, standardized mortality rate, ranking of causes of death, and composition ratio; the standardized mortality rate was calculated based on the data of the 2010 National Census Data. Results　From 2014 to 2020, the average annual resident population of Hainan Province was 9 175 300, and average annual resident population at each of the eight monitoringp oints is 297 100， anaverage of 83 878 cumulative deaths were reported, the annual total mortality rate was 504.09/100 000, the standard mortality rate was 618.69/100 000. The standardized mortality rates of male and female were 806.18/100 000 and 444.36/100 000 respectively (P<0.01). The mortality rate of all age groups showed that the crude mortality rate of 0~<1 years old group showed a decreasing trend with the passage of time, and the crude mortality rate was significantly higher than that of other age groups. From the age of 20, with the increase of age, the overall crude mortality rate of residents keeps increasing. The crude death rate increases rapidly after the age of 65, and peaks especially after the age of 85. The leading causes of death were circulatory diseases, tumors and respiratory diseases. From 2014 to 2020, the mortality rate of circulatory diseases and tumors, the two main causes of death, was more than 100/100 000. Conclusion　Chronic non-communicable diseases are still the first cause of death among permanent residents in Hainan Province. Targeted intervention and treatment of chronic non-communicable diseases is beneficial to reduce their mortality.

Action Mechanism of Chinese Medicine Polysaccharides in Prevention and Treatment Diabetes and Its Complications：A Review / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Diabetes is a metabolic disease mainly characterized by hyperglycemia due to inadequate insulin secretion. And persistent hyperglycemia can cause chronic damage or dysfunction of eyes， kidneys， heart， blood vessels and nerves. Polysaccharides are high molecular carbohydrates polymerized by glycosidic bonds from more than 10 monosaccharide molecules of the same or different types. They have the advantages of wide sources， high safety and low toxic and so on. As one of the important effective components of traditional Chinese medicine， polysaccharides have biological activities such as immune regulation， anti-oxidation， anti-tumor， lowering blood sugar and so on. The structure is directly related to biological activities， and the advanced structure of polysaccharides is based on the primary structure. Exploring the primary structure of polysaccharides is the key task of lowering blood sugar and improving diabetic complications. This paper summarizes the monosaccharide composition of the primary structure of Chinese medicine polysaccharides， and the mechanism of Chinese medicine polysaccharides improving diabetes is emphasized by increasing the secretion and release of insulin， increasing the islet β cell number， upregulating insulin receptor level， improving glucose and lipid metabolism， inhibiting inflammatory response， improving oxidative stress and regulating phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase（PI3K）/protein kinase B （Akt）， mitogen activated protein kinase， cyclic adenosine monophosphate（cAMP）/protein kinase A（PKA） and adenosine monophosphate activated protein kinase（AMPK） signaling pathways. At the same time， we also summarized the prevention and treatment of Chinese medicine polysaccharides in diabetic nephropathy， diabetic cardiomyopathy， diabetic ophthalmopathy and diabetic peripheral neuropathy， in order to provide a theoretical basis for new drug development and clinical application of Chinese medicine polysaccharides in the intervention of diabetes and its complications.

Research progress of Curcuma kwangsiensis root tubers and analysis of liver protection and anti-tumor mechanisms based on Q-markers / 中国中药杂志

Curcuma kwangsiensis root tuber is a widely used genuine medicinal material in Guangxi, with the main active components of terpenoids and curcumins. It has the effects of promoting blood circulation to relieve pain, moving Qi to relieve depression, clearing heart and cooling blood, promoting gallbladder function and anti-icterus. Modern research has proved its functions in liver protection, anti-tumor, anti-oxidation, blood lipid reduction and immunosuppression. Considering the research progress of C. kwangsiensis root tubers and the core concept of quality marker(Q-marker), we predicted the Q-markers of C. kwangsiensis root tubers from plant phylogeny, chemical component specificity, traditional pharmacodynamic properties, new pharmacodynamic uses, chemical component measurability, processing methods, compatibility, and components migrating to blood. Curcumin, curcumol, curcumadiol, curcumenol, curdione, germacrone, and β-elemene may be the possible Q-markers. Based on the predicted Q-markers, the mechanisms of the liver-protecting and anti-tumor activities of C. kwangsiensis root tubers were analyzed. AKT1, IL6, EGFR, and STAT3 were identified as the key targets, and neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction signaling pathway, nitrogen metabolism pathway, cancer pathway, and hepatitis B pathway were the major involved pathways. This review provides a basis for the quality evaluation and product development of C. kwangsiensis root tubers and gives insights into the research on Chinese medicinal materials.

Recovery of motor function in rats with complete spinal cord injury following implantation of collagen/silk fibroin scaffold combined with human umbilical cord-mesenchymal stem cells

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to assess the effect of the collagen/silk fibroin scaffolds seeded with human umbilical cord-mesenchymal stem cells on functional recovery after acute complete spinal cord injury. METHODS: The fibroin and collagen were mixed (mass ratio, 3:7), and the composite scaffolds were produced. Forty rats were randomly divided into the Sham group (without spinal cord injury), spinal cord injury group (spinal cord transection without any implantation), collagen/silk fibroin scaffolds group (spinal cord transection with implantation of the collagen/silk fibroin scaffolds), and collagen/silk fibroin scaffolds + human umbilical cord-mesenchymal stem cells group (spinal cord transection with the implantation of the collagen/silk fibroin scaffolds co-cultured with human umbilical cord-mesenchymal stem cells). Motor evoked potential, Basso-Beattie-Bresnahan scale, modified Bielschowsky's silver staining, and immunofluorescence staining were performed. RESULTS: The BBB scores in the collagen/silk fibroin scaffolds + human umbilical cord-mesenchymal stem cells group were significantly higher than those in the spinal cord injury and collagen/silk fibroin scaffolds groups (p<0.05 or p<0.01). The amplitude and latency were markedly improved in the collagen/silk fibroin scaffolds + human umbilical cord-mesenchymal stem cells group compared with the spinal cord injury and collagen/silk fibroin scaffolds groups (p<0.05 or p<0.01). Meanwhile, compared to the spinal cord injury and collagen/silk fibroin scaffolds groups, more neurofilament positive nerve fiber ensheathed by myelin basic protein positive structure at the injury site were observed in the collagen/silk fibroin scaffolds + human umbilical cord-mesenchymal stem cells group (p<0.01, p<0.05). The results of Bielschowsky's silver staining indicated more nerve fibers was observed at the lesion site in the collagen/silk fibroin scaffolds + human umbilical cord-mesenchymal stem cells group compared with the spinal cord injury and collagen/silk fibroin scaffolds groups (p<0.01, p< 0.05). CONCLUSION: The results demonstrated that the transplantation of human umbilical cord-mesenchymal stem cells on a collagen/silk fibroin scaffolds could promote nerve regeneration, and recovery of neurological function after acute spinal cord injury.

Association between parental self efficacy consistency and social development of children / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To explore the relationship between parental self efficacy consistency with children s social development,and to provide a reference basis for promoting children s social development.@*Methods@#During September to October of 2019, cluster sampling method were used to select 905 children and their parents from 2 kindergarten (senior , mid and junior class) and 2 primary schools (grade one to grade three) in Bengbu. Children s social development and parental self efficacy were assessed by the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire(SDQ) and the parenting sense of competence Scale, respectively. Ordinal Logistic regression was used to analyze the relationship between parenting efficacy consistency with children s social development.@*Results@#Prevalence of emotional problems, conduct problems, hyperactivity attention inability，peer problems, and abnormal prosocial behtavior was 8.95%，6.30%， 18.01%, 14.03%，7.40% and 5.41%，respectively, which were negatively associated with parental self efficacy( P <0.01). Consistent parenting sense of competence, children s emotion, hyperactivity attention inability, moral behavior and prosocial behavior anomaly detection rate lowest, mother parenting self efficacy were higher than the father, children s enotion, conduct behavior, hyperactivity attention inability and prosocial behavior anomaly detection rate is highest, when the father parenting self efficacy was higher than that of mothers, Children s conduct behavior and hyperativity attention inability had the highest detection rate( Z =6.57, 7.58,7.25, 7.06, P <0.05). Children with higher maternal parenting self efficacy were more likely to develop emotional, conduct behavior, hyperactivity attention inability and prosocial behavior abnormalities, and children with higher father parenting self efficacy were more likely to develop conduct behavior and hyperactivity attention inability ( P <0.05).@*Conclusion@#Parental self efficacy and its consistency are related to child social development.It is suggested that parents should improve the parenting efficiency and the quality of companionship, optimize the family relations, and create a harmonious atmosphere.

The primary investigation and experiment of a community-based family dentist model for children aged 1-3 years old in Wuhan / 口腔疾病防治

Objective @#To explore the effect of a community family doctor model on caries management for children aged 1 to 3 years in Wuhan, and to provide basis for community prevention and control of children’s caries.@*Methods@#Using stratified randomization and paired sampling, 1 000 children aged 1 to 3 years were selected from the core community of the Wuhan Donghu High-tech Zone. The trial group was followed up 4 times a year at home or in the clinic, and the control group was followed up only at the baseline and the endpoint (2 years later). Caries and caries status were examined at baseline and 2 years later, and brushing behavior was investigated by questionnaire. @* Results @#The prevalence/dmft in the test group and control group after two years were 15.8%/1.41 and 46.6%/3.25, respectively, and the difference was statistically significant. The frequency with which parents helped their children to brush in the test group improved significantly compared to that of the control group.@* Conclusion @#For children aged 1 to 3 years, the dental family doctor model of caries prevention is economical and effective, and its application and promotion are recommended.

A comparison of aggressive behavior and influencing factors of family environment between firstborn and only children in primary school / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To understand aggressive behavior and associated family determinants of firstborn and only children in primary school, so as to provide the basis for child aggressive behavior prevention.@*Methods@#Using stratified cluster sampling method, 922 pupils from grade 2 to grade 6 were selected from three primary schools in Bengbu. The questionnaire survey included general information, family background and child aggressive behaviors.@*Results@#Among boys, the 7 year old only child scored [26.0(22.0,34.5)] higher than firstborn children [20.0(17.5,26.5)] in overall aggression, and the 9-year-old firstborn child [ 27.5 (23.0,34.3)] scored higher than the only child [23.0(18.5,28.5)]. The scores of 8-year-old firstborn child in the dimension of physical aggression [7.0(4.0,11.0)] were higher than that of only child [5.0(3.0,8.0)] ( Z=1.97, 2.39, 2.11, P < 0.05 ). Among girls, 8-year-old only child scored higher [5.0(3.0,7.0)] in the dimension of physical aggression than that of the firstborn child [ 3.0 (3.0,4.0)], and the 12-year-old firstborn child scored [7.0(6.0,8.0)] higher in the dimension of hostility than that of the only child [4.5(3.3,9.0)] ( Z=2.48, 1.98, P <0.05). Multiple linear regression analysis found that boys of firstborn children scored higher in all dimensions of aggressive behavior than those of girls except hostility, and paternal education was negatively associated with physical aggression and hostility ( P <0.05). Age was positively associated with verbal aggression among the only children ( P <0.05). Family economic status was negatively associated with physical aggression ( P <0.05). Paternal education was negatively associated with hostility among students with anger and hostility of family members higher than that of parents ( P < 0.05 ).@*Conclusion@#Higher family economic status, high quality of parent company and appropriate parenting style can reduce the occurrence of children s aggressive behavior and promote healthy physical and psychological development.

A comparative study of sociality between firstborn children and only children of young age / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To understand the current situation of the social development between only children and firstborn of young age, so as to provide a reference for the promotion of the social development of young children.@*Methods@#Stratified cluster sampling method was used to select 734 only children and firstborn children aged 3-9 in two kindergartens and two primary schools from grade 1 to grade 3 for questionnaire survey in Bengbu City. The content included the general information of children and their parents and the social assessment of children.@*Results@#The rate of emotional symptoms in firstborn children(27.8%) was higher than those of only children (17.6%)( χ 2=9.45, P <0.01). The results of univariate analysis showed that the rate of hyperactivity and inattention in social development of both only children and firstborns decreased with the increase of family socioeconomic status ( P < 0.05 ). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis of only children showed that only children with high economic status had a lower risk of hyperactivity and inattention and had a higher risk of peer interaction( P <0.05). The prosocial behavior of girls was better than that of boys in the aspect of social development of only children and firstborn children( OR =1.70, 2.85, P <0.05). For only children, the occurrence risk of being difficult was lower when the primary caregiver was parents than grandparents( OR =1.63, P < 0.05 ). For firstborn children, the risk of being difficult in nuclear families was lower than that in third generation families( OR = 2.14 , P <0.05). Multivariate analysis of the only child showed that boys had higher risk of hyperactive attention and less prosocial behavior than girls ( OR =2.24, 1.70, P <0.05), and a lower risk of developing mood disorders than girls( OR =0.57, P <0.05). The social development of only children varied among different grades, and the risk of abnormal prosocial behavior was lower with the increase of grades ( P <0.05).@*Conclusion@#Higer family social status is positively associated with children s social development level. But parents with high economic status should also avoid too much material and spiritual doting. Parents should strengthen their own learning to enhance the level of socialized education, raising siblings equally, improve the quality of parent child relationship, and promote the all round development of children s socialization level.

Long non-coding RNA FAM99A modulated YAP1 to affect trophoblast cell behaviors in preeclampsia by sponging miR-134-5p

Preeclampsia (PE) is a complex pregnancy syndrome. Convincing evidence indicates that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are involved in the pathogenesis of PE. This research mainly investigated the mechanism of family with sequence similarity 99 member A (FAM99A) in PE. The expressions of FAM99A, miR-134-5p, and YAP1 were detected by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Cell apoptosis, migration, and invasion were detected by flow cytometry or transwell assay. The interaction between miR-134-5p and FAM99A or YAP1 was confirmed by dual-luciferase reporter assay. The protein expression of YAP1 was determined by western blot assay. FAM99A and YAP1 were significantly up-regulated, and miR-134-5p was significantly down-regulated in PE tissues (n=30). miR-134-5p was verified as a candidate of FAM99A and YAP1. FAM99A promoted cell metastasis, but reduced apoptosis in HTR8/SVneo cells by regulating miR-134-5p. miR-134-5p down-regulated YAP1 expression to suppress cell metastasis, while it induced apoptosis in HTR8/SVneo cells. FAM99A positively modulated YAP1 expression by sponging miR-134-5p. FAM99A modulated YAP1 to accelerate cell migration and invasion, and inhibited cell apoptosis in PE cells by sponging miR-134-5p. The novel regulatory network may shed light on the pathogenesis of PE.

Critical role of metabotropic glutamate receptor 4 in bone marrow-derived dendritic cells in the Th17 cell differentiation and the melanogenesis of B16 cells

Vitiligo is an acquired pigmentary disorder resulting from selective destruction of melanocytes. Emerging studies have suggested that T helper cell 17 (Th17) is potentially implicated in vitiligo development and progression. It was recently discovered that metabotropic glutamate receptor 4 (mGluR4) can modulate Th17-mediated adaptive immunity. However, the influence of mGluR4 on melanogenesis of melanocytes has yet to be elucidated. In the present study, we primarily cultured mouse bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BMDC) and then knocked down and over-expressed mGluR4 using transfection. Transduced BMDC were co-cultured with CD4+ T cells and the expression of Th17-related cytokines were measured. The morphology and melanogenesis of B16 cells were observed after being treated with co-culture medium of CD4+ T cells and transduced BMDC. We found that mGluR4 knockdown did not affect the co-stimulatory CD80 and CD86 upregulation after lipopolysaccharide stimulation but did increase the expression of Th17-related cytokines, and further down-regulated the expression of microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF) and the downstream genes, decreased melanin production, and destroyed the morphology of B16 cells. Conversely, over-expression of mGluR4 reduced the expression of CD80 and CD86, suppressed the production of Th17-related cytokines, increased the expression of MITF, and did not destroy the morphology of B16 cells. Our study confirmed that mGluR4 modulated the Th17 cell polarization and resulted in the alteration of melanogenesis and morphology of B16 cells. Collectively, these findings suggest mGluR4 might be a potent target involved in the immune pathogenesis of vitiligo.

Safety Evaluation of Jiaotaiwan Based on Zebrafish Model / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective:To take zebrafish embryo as the research object, in order to investigate the development toxicity, cardiotoxicity, liver toxicity and kidney toxicity of water extract of Jiaotaiwan (JTW) on zebrafish embryo. Method:Zebrafish embryos with normal development at 12 h (hpf) after fertilization were selected as model animals for the growth and cardiotoxicity experiments. The embryos were treated with 125, 250, 500 mg·L-1 of JTW water extracts, and the effects of the drugs on the heart rate and morphology of the embryos and LD50 were observed at 72 h (hpf) after fertilization. Zebrafish embryos with normal development at 72 h (hpf) after fertilization were used as model animals for the liver and kidney toxicity experiments. The embryos were treated with 125，250，500 mg·L-1 of JTW water extracts, and the effect of the drugs on morphological changes, Alanine aminotransferase(ALT), Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activity, and creatinine content of the larvae and LD50 were observed at 72 d (dpf) after fertilization. Result:The zebrafish embryos in control group developed normally, the heart was well developed, and the heartbeat was even and powerful. The LD50 of JTW water extract on zebrafish embryos for 72 h was 1 023 mg·L-1. Compared with the embryos in the control group, 250，500 mg·L-1 treatment groups in the development toxicity had a smaller head, shorter body lengths (P<0.05), and decreased eye size (P<0.05). Compared with the control group embryos, the pericardial edema was observed in the 500 mg·L-1 group, the heart rate was significantly decreased in the 250，500 mg·L-1 JTW water extract groups (P<0.01), the atrial and ventricular areas were significantly reduced (P<0.05), the distance of SV-BA became significantly larger (P<0.05), the distance of AV channel became significantly larger (P<0.01), and the in-flow distance was significantly shorter (P<0.01). In the acute toxicity experiment, the LD50 of JTW water extract for zebrafish larvae for 72 h was 1 067 mg·L-1. Compared with control group, JTW water extract significantly reduced ALT activity in zebrafish larvae (P<0.05). Conclusion:This experiment found that JTW has an obvious toxicity in embryonic development, which is mainly manifested as delayed growth and severe cardiotoxicity. Great attention shall be paid to clinical administration to pregnant women, lactating women and patients with heart disease.

Study on sleep disturbances of preschool children in Haikou City and its influencing factors / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To explore current status of sleep disturbances and its influencing factors in preschool children in Haikou city, and to provide a reference for improving chidlren sleeping quality by taking effective measures.@*Methods@#Layered random cluster sampling method was used to select 1 200 preschool children from kindergartens in Haikou city in 2018. Sleep status questionnaire was used to investigate children’s sleep disorders and analyze the influencing factors.@*Results@#The detection rate of sleep disturbances was 50.00%, the rates in each group were 50.90% for boys, 48.87% for girls(χ2=0.49, P>0.05), and 48.45% for 3 years old group, 50.33% for 4 years old group, 50.55% for 5 years old group, and 49.55% for 6 years old group(χ2=0.24, P=0.97). The total daily sleep time of children was(10.53±1.05)h, and the duration of continuous sleep at night was(8.69±0.78)h, the length of sleep during the day was(1.84±0.67)h, sleep time decreased with the increase of age(F=7.52, 3.04, 7.88, P<0.05). The univariateand multivariate Logistic regression showed that, asthma(OR=2.65), frequent cold(OR=1.67), carpet at home(OR=1.40), poor appetite(OR=1.18), changing caregivers(OR=1.25), inconsistent rearing ideas(OR=1.42), parents falling asleep late (OR=1.39) and mothers with sleep problems (OR=1.73) were the risk factors for sleep problems, children and parents sleeping separately(OR=0.75), children’s sleeping rule (OR=0.32) were the protection factors(P<0.05).@*Conclusion@#It is necessary to do a good job in the sleep management of preschool children and reduce the detection rate of sleep problems from many aspects, such as family rearing environment, health knowledge of caregivers, parents undefined sleep habits, children undefined sleeping style and so on.

Research progress of tissue culture of Aconitum / 中国中药杂志

Aconitum is a kind of important medicinal plant, which has been used in China for more than 2 000 years, with both a good medicinal and ornamental value. However, due to the lack of effective breeding methods and low seed and root propagation coefficients, the comprehensive development and utilization of Aconitum were greatly restricted. Tissue culture is an important basis for seed selection, germplasm conservation and genetic engineering. Therefore, this paper summarized the research on tissue culture of Aconitum, put forward the main problems and corresponding countermeasures, and provided important references for accelerating the seedling breeding of Aconitum and conducting the basic research of molecular biology.

Prognostic value of the Epstein–Barr virus and tumor suppressor gene p53 gene in nasopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma

Aims and Methods: Retrospectively, this paper compared the differences of the Epstein–Barr virus (EBV)-encoded small RNAs (EBERs), protein expression and gene mutations of tumor suppressor gene p53 (TP53) in keratinized nasopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (KNSCC) and nonKNSCC, and the relationships between pathological features and the prognosis of patients were analyzed. Results: The positive rate of EBERs hybridization and TP53 expressions was 76.3% and 52.2%, respectively, while the mutation rate of TP53 gene was 39.6%. Logistic regression analysis showed direct relationships between the subtypes of nasopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (NPSCC) and EBERs-positive, or frequent consumption of pickled food. Overall survival rates of patients with positive TP53 expression, the TP53 gene mutations, vascular invasions, organ metastases, lymph node metastasis, and clinical recurrence were significantly lower than those of patients without those symptoms. The poorer prognosis was related to regularly drinking and the advanced age. According to the Cox regression analysis, we found that the main prognostic factors of NPSCC patients were the aging, recurrence, TP53 gene mutations, especially exon 7 or 8 mutations. Conclusions: We concluded that there were the correlations between NPSCC subtypes with EBV infection and frequent intaking of pickled food, while aging, clinical recurrence, and TP53 gene mutations were independent predictors for the poor prognosis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma

Blood lead level and associated factors among preschool children in Haikou City from 2015 to 2018 / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To explore blood lead level and associated factors among preschool children in Haikou city,and to provide a reference for early detection and timely intervention of children’s lead poisoning.@*Methods@#Stratified random cluster sampling method was used to select 22 038 children from 23 kindergartens in Haikou city from 2015 to 2018. Blood lead level was examined and a questionnaire survey was conducted.@*Results@#The average blood lead level was 22.45 μg/L, with 22.55 μg/L for boys, 23.33 μg/L for girls, 23.09 μg/L for 3-year-old group, 22.13 μg/L for 4-year-old group, 22.58 μg/L for 5-year-old, and 22.10 μg/L for 6-year-old. On average, about 0.50% of the total children was found of high blood lead level, the prevalence decreased by year during 2015-2018 which was 0.80%, 0.62%, 0.47%, and 0.11%, respectively. The high blood lead rate was 0.45% for boys, 0.57% for girls, 0.46% for 3-year-old, 0.37% for 4-year-old, 0.61% for 5-year-old, and 0.56% for 6-year-old. Hyperactivity, inattention, anorexia, frail disease, stomach ache, pale and anemia was found higher in high lead group and 50~99 μg/L group than those in 0~49 μg/L group. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that mother’s occupational exposure to lead was positively correlated with children’s high blood lead level. Frequent toy cleaning and outings were negatively correlated with high blood lead levels in children.@*Conclusion@#The high blood lead level of children is closely related to some factors,such as,their living condition,living habits and so on.Theretore,a regular detection of blood lead should be conducted. Parents should be educated about childhood lead poisoning, as well the need to prevent and intervene in daily life.